\u010casto si d\u011bl\u00e1m legraci, \u017ee jedin\u00fd pigment, kter\u00fdm m\u011b p\u0159\u00edroda obda\u0159ila mi um\u00edstila do o\u010dn\u00ed panenky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e na m\u011b tuto l\u00e1tku zcela vy\u010derpala. D\u00edky tomu se po opalov\u00e1n\u00ed podob\u00e1m sp\u00ed\u0161e spa\u0159en\u00e9mu bu\u0159tu, ne\u017e bronzov\u00e9 kr\u00e1sce. Kdy\u017e se nenamaluji a postav\u00edm se ke zdi, dokonale splynu. To je ale legrace, jen nads\u00e1zka. Skute\u010dn\u00fd alb\u00edn m\u00e1 \u017eivot vlastn\u011b velmi neradostn\u00fd…<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duje nedostatkem pigmentu melaninu v t\u011ble a projev\u00ed se a\u017e tehdy, je-li po\u0161kozen gen na obou chromozomech, to je albinismus.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Jak k tomu jeden p\u0159ijde?<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Lidsk\u00e1 DNA obsahuje dv\u011b sady chromozom\u016f. Od matky a od otce. Absolutn\u00ed absence pigmentu v t\u011ble je nemoc\u00ed zvanou albinismus.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Co je vlastn\u011b pigment?<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Pigment je barevn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kterou obsahuj\u00ed bu\u0148ky. Podle toho jakou barvu pigment m\u00e1, je zbarven\u00e1 i tk\u00e1\u0148, kter\u00e1 ho obsahuje. Nap\u0159\u00edklad rostliny jsou zelen\u00e9, proto\u017ee obsahuj\u00ed zelen\u00fd pigment chlorofyl. T\u011blo med\u00fazy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00fapln\u011b pr\u016fhledn\u00e9, proto\u017ee neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pigment.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo pak obsahuje pigment zvan\u00fd melanin. Ten je hn\u011bdo\u010dern\u00fd a nejv\u00edc se vyskytuje na hlavn\u011b v k\u016f\u017ei, vlasech, chlupech a tak\u00e9 v o\u010d\u00edch. Tak\u017ee logicky lid\u00e9, jejich\u017e k\u016f\u017ee obsahuje pigmentu v\u00edc, maj\u00ed tmav\u0161\u00ed ple\u0165.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Mezi nejhlavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed funkce melaninu pat\u0159\u00ed to, \u017ee br\u00e1n\u00ed ultrafialov\u00fdm paprsk\u016fm ze slunce, aby pronikaly hloub\u011bji do lidsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee. Tu by t\u00edm po\u0161kodily. Melanin je tedy v k\u016f\u017ei velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00fd stejn\u011b jako ve vlasech a chlupech, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 st\u00edn\u00ed dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011btlo. Obdobnou funkci pak zast\u00e1v\u00e1 melanin i v oku. R\u016fzn\u00e1 barva o\u010d\u00ed je podm\u00edn\u011bna pr\u00e1v\u011b mno\u017estv\u00edm melaninu, kter\u00e9 obsahuje duhovka.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Teprve kdy\u017e se v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble po\u0161kod\u00ed gen na v\u00fdrobu melaninu na obou chromozomech, tehdy se teprve projev\u00ed nemoc zvan\u00e1 albinismus..<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Posti\u017eeno je zhruba jedno z 20 000 narozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Vlasy i chlupy takov\u00fdch lid\u00ed maj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dist\u011b b\u00edlou barvu. O\u010di maj\u00ed \u010dervenou barvu, co\u017e je zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee v duhovce tak\u00e9 prosv\u00edtaj\u00ed kapil\u00e1ry a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed krevn\u00ed c\u00e9vy. Proto je duhovka r\u016f\u017eov\u00e1 a\u017e \u010derven\u00e1.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bohu\u017eel nejde jen o vzhled<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my alb\u00edn\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 zrakov\u00e1 ostrost, d\u00e1le \u0161kub\u00e1n\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed, \u0161ilh\u00e1n\u00ed, porucha trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed, fotofobie (alergie na prudk\u00e9 sv\u011btlo). D\u00e1le nejsou ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky zorn\u00e9ho pole.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Alb\u00edn\u016f ale existuje v\u00edcero druh\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n prof. Mudr. Samuel Medo, Odd\u011blen\u00ed genetiky a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie (OGMB) v Praze:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1me t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed druhy albinismu, tedy vrozen\u00e9 absence enzymu tyrozin\u00e1zy, kter\u00fd je nezbytn\u00fd p\u0159i tvorb\u011b melaninu.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Generalizovan\u00fd<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje po cel\u00e9m t\u011ble, posti\u017eena je cel\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee, vlasy a o\u010di.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Okul\u00e1rn\u00ed <\/strong>je forma, kdy jsou posti\u017eeny jen o\u010di, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e k\u016f\u017ee i vlasy maj\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed barvu.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n A nakonec parci\u00e1ln\u00ed,<\/strong> kdy sta\u010d\u00ed jen jeden po\u0161kozen\u00fd chromozom k projevu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Ten se projevuje jen na ohrani\u010den\u00fdch, r\u016fzn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch k\u016f\u017ee a okrsc\u00edch vlas\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n O\u010di nejsou posti\u017eeny.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Jak se \u017eije b\u00edl\u00e9 vr\u00e1n\u011b?<\/b><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee albinismem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sti\u017eeno stejn\u011b dob\u0159e zv\u00ed\u0159e, \u010dlov\u011bk, ale i rostlina. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkter\u00e9 rostliny maj\u00ed na listech b\u00edl\u00e9 fleky \u010di \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, kde b\u00edl\u00e1 m\u00edsta neobsahuj\u00ed chlorofyl. To je tak\u00e9 porucha pigment\u016f.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Albinismus m\u016f\u017eeme nal\u00e9zt i mezi \u017eivo\u010dichy. Velmi \u010dast\u00fd je nap\u0159\u00edklad u b\u00edl\u00fdch pokusn\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u00edk\u016f a my\u0161\u00ed, ale vlastn\u011b \u00fapln\u011b u v\u0161ech \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kdo spat\u0159\u00ed v lese b\u00edl\u00e9ho jelena, tomu se spln\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Spat\u0159\u00ed ov\u0161em alb\u00edna, kter\u00fd to v \u017eivot\u011b rozhodn\u011b nem\u00e1 lehk\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n My jsme nap\u0159\u00edklad soudn\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, a tak v\u00edme, \u017ee takto posti\u017een\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk si zaslou\u017e\u00ed pomoc, nikoli pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vyobcov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kdy\u017e nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1m ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, jak\u00e9 se p\u0159ihod\u00ed takov\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad do kmene n\u011bkde v Africe. Nen\u00ed to ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 a tam jsou alb\u00edni opravdov\u00ed chud\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Mezi zv\u00ed\u0159aty je integrace takov\u00e9ho tvora, kter\u00fd u\u017e tak m\u00e1 dost sv\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, velice problematick\u00e1. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f nep\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tito jedinci od narozen\u00ed dlouho, nebo\u0165 je spole\u010dnost bu\u010fto nep\u0159ijme, nebo rovnou zahub\u00ed.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tak\u017ee, chd\u00e1k b\u00edl\u00e1 vr\u00e1na…<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Albinismus je dle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f nezvratn\u00fd a l\u00e9\u010dba neexistuje.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Michaela Kudl\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n [sexy_author_bio]<\/p>\n Views: 66 \u010casto si d\u011bl\u00e1m legraci, \u017ee jedin\u00fd pigment, kter\u00fdm m\u011b p\u0159\u00edroda obda\u0159ila mi um\u00edstila do o\u010dn\u00ed panenky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e na m\u011b tuto l\u00e1tku zcela vy\u010derpala. D\u00edky tomu se po opalov\u00e1n\u00ed podob\u00e1m sp\u00ed\u0161e spa\u0159en\u00e9mu bu\u0159tu, ne\u017e bronzov\u00e9 kr\u00e1sce. Kdy\u017e se nenamaluji a postav\u00edm se ke zdi, dokonale splynu. To je ale legrace, jen nads\u00e1zka. Skute\u010dn\u00fd alb\u00edn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-telo"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t![\"14315YzF.jpg\"](\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/14315YzF.jpg\")
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