{"id":3380,"date":"2013-01-04T10:22:32","date_gmt":"2013-01-04T09:22:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/pokus_sablona\/?p=3380"},"modified":"2018-08-11T10:24:06","modified_gmt":"2018-08-11T08:24:06","slug":"nejstarsi-remeslo-neni-to-ktere-vas-hned-napadlo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/spolecnost\/nejstarsi-remeslo-neni-to-ktere-vas-hned-napadlo.html","title":{"rendered":"Nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u0159emeslo nen\u00ed to, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s hned napadlo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Views: 97<\/p><div class=\"article_text\">\n<p><strong>Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u0159emeslo, v\u011bt\u0161ina z&nbsp;n\u00e1s si p\u0159edstav\u00ed soudru\u017eky na E55. Stejn\u011b star\u00e9, ne-li star\u0161\u00ed, je p\u0159itom travi\u010dstv\u00ed. Ano, i to b\u00fdvalo \u0159emeslo.&nbsp;Tohle ale nem\u00e1 zlat\u00e9 dno, ale sp\u00ed\u0161 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9, olovnat\u00e9 nebo antimonov\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article_text\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/8253ZGI.jpg\" alt=\"8253ZGI.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I kdy\u017e na prvopo\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch byly tak\u00e9 bylinky jako nap\u0159. bolehlav, om\u011bj a m\u00e1k.&nbsp; <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lid\u00e9 jedy vyu\u017e\u00edvali k&nbsp;lovu a boji. Jen\u017ee to by nebyli lid\u00e9, aby se d\u00edky nim nepokusili p\u0159ij\u00edt ob\u010das k&nbsp;n\u011bjak\u00e9mu tomu majete\u010dku, \u017een\u011b nebo tr\u016fnu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Travi\u010dstv\u00ed je tak star\u00e9, \u017ee o n\u011bm hovo\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad i tak\u0159ka t\u0159i tis\u00edce let star\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy z&nbsp;\u010c\u00edny.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jsou to rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 spisy o \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch rostlin na lidsk\u00fd organismus a jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed v&nbsp;praxi nejen k&nbsp;l\u00e9\u010db\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/8249YmF.jpg\" alt=\"8249YmF.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rozhodn\u011b nezaost\u00e1vala ani Mekka tehdej\u0161\u00edho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, \u0158ecko<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad Hippokrates se zaslou\u017eil o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1ly jed\u016f, ale jako jeden z&nbsp;prvn\u00edch se zab\u00fdval i v\u00fdzkumem protijed\u016f. U\u017e ne\u0161lo o pouh\u00e9 bylinn\u00e9 odvary a \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0158ekov\u00e9 t\u00e9 doby ji\u017e um\u011bli t\u0159eba destilovat z&nbsp;meru\u0148kov\u00fdch pecek jeden z&nbsp;nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jed\u016f: kyanid.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/8251MWN.jpg\" alt=\"8251MWN.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednka o experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed toxikologii pat\u0159\u00ed Nikand\u00e9ru Kolof\u00f3nsk\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd m\u011bl od c\u00edsa\u0159e zaru\u010deno pr\u00e1vo zkou\u0161et \u00fa\u010dinky jed\u016f na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u00edch a pozorovat, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem um\u00edraj\u00ed. St\u00e1tn\u00edm jedem se st\u00e1v\u00e1 akonitin, alkaloid z&nbsp;om\u011bje \u0161alamounku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zat\u00edmco \u0158ekov\u00e9 na to \u0161li v\u011bdecky, v&nbsp;\u0158\u00edm\u011b se stalo travi\u010dstv\u00ed b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivota.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nabylo takov\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f, \u017ee roku 82. p\u0159ed Kristem musel b\u00fdt vyd\u00e1n kodex, kter\u00fd zakazoval dr\u017eet sebemen\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed jedu u sebe. Byla rovn\u011b\u017e zak\u00e1z\u00e1na v\u00fdroba a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1poje l\u00e1sky. M\u011bl mnohdy tak divok\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed, \u017ee nebylo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rozd\u00edlu mezi vra\u017eednou zbran\u00ed a t\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edslibeml\u00e1sky.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Po p\u00e1du velkolep\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e nast\u00e1v\u00e1 doba temna.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lid\u00e9 se tak n\u011bjak ve velk\u00e9m vra\u017edili chladn\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi a nebyl \u010das na pokoutn\u00e9 otravy sok\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se kone\u010dn\u011b Evropa jak\u017etak\u017e zcivilizovala, vr\u00e1tila se \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b k&nbsp;obl\u00edben\u00fdm a osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd jed\u016fm. Stejn\u011b nepokryt\u011b ale o n\u011bco fikan\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/8260ZTA.jpg\" alt=\"8260ZTA.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku pat\u0159ily k&nbsp;obl\u00edben\u00fdm zejm\u00e9na organick\u00e9 jedy, jak\u00fdmi jsou alkaloidy bl\u00ednu, durmanu nebo jedovat\u00fdch hub. Ka\u017ed\u00fd panovnick\u00fd dv\u016fr m\u011bl sv\u00e9ho travi\u010de, jako maj\u00ed prezidenti dnes sv\u00e9ho mluv\u010d\u00edho. Ov\u0161em ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm levelu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u016fmysln\u011b se tr\u00e1vily p\u0159edm\u011bty denn\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed, rohy knih, od\u011bvy nebo me\u0161n\u00ed v\u00edno a hostie.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Li\u0161\u00e1ck\u00e9 to bylo v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b me\u0161n\u00edch atribut\u016f v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 m\u011bla jen dv\u011b mo\u017enosti: zem\u0159\u00edt na otravu nebo se nechat up\u00e1lit, co\u017e se st\u00e1v\u00e1 kac\u00ed\u0159\u016fm, tedy spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm \u010f\u00e1bla, kte\u0159\u00ed odm\u00edtaj\u00ed Boha stejn\u011b jako jeho t\u011blo a krev.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Za prvn\u00edho skute\u010dn\u00e9ho toxikologa je pova\u017eov\u00e1n \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Philippus Aureolus Theoprastus Bombastus von Hohenheim (1492\u20131541), zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jako <strong>Paracelsus.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/8255M2R.jpg\" alt=\"8255M2R.jpg\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jako prvn\u00ed do\u0161el k n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee podstatou jed\u016f je jejich chemick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed na organismus. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Paracelsus sv\u00e9 poznatky o p\u016fsoben\u00ed a kombinaci toxin\u016f shrnul v\u011btou<strong> <em>\u201eDosis sola facit venenum.\u201c, <\/em>tedy pouze d\u00e1vka \u010din\u00ed l\u00e1tku jedovatou. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tato definice z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes jednou ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch toxikologick\u00fdch definic.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Renesance, p\u0159es pokrok v&nbsp;travi\u010dstv\u00ed od n\u00e1stroje k&nbsp;v\u011bd\u011b, byla zlat\u00fdm v\u011bkem nejen um\u011bn\u00ed a v\u011bdy, ale i um\u011bn\u00ed tr\u00e1vit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nenechte se m\u00e1st televizn\u00edmi seri\u00e1ly.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Borgiov\u00e9 byli jen pr\u016fm\u011brem, kdy\u017e se zbavovali soupe\u0159\u016f v&nbsp;mocensk\u00e9m boji.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/8256NDd.jpg\" alt=\"8256NDd.jpg\" width=\"450\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kate\u0159ina Medicejsk\u00e1 nav\u00e1hala tr\u00e1vit ani nemocn\u00e9 v&nbsp;lazaretech. Sice z&nbsp;\u010dist\u00e9 touhy po nov\u00fdch poznatc\u00edch na poli toxikologie, ale mrtvol po n\u00ed z\u016fstalo dost.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/8252NDA.jpg\" alt=\"8252NDA.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Baroko dalo prostor n\u011bkolika velk\u00fdm travi\u010dsk\u00fdm osobnostem.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/8250ZDc.jpg\" alt=\"8250ZDc.jpg\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jednou z&nbsp;nich byla Theofania Palermsk\u00e1. Sm\u011bs\u00ed arseniku a rostlinn\u00fdch jed\u016f, se kterou sm\u011ble k\u0161eftovala, pomohla na onen sv\u011bt \u0161esti stovk\u00e1m ob\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kdy\u017e j\u00ed za\u010dala p\u00e1lit p\u016fda pod nohama, utekla do kl\u00e1\u0161tera. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Spolu s&nbsp;jepti\u0161kami daly arsenikov\u00e9mu&nbsp; z\u00e1zraku obchodn\u00ed jm\u00e9no Aqua Tophana a pokra\u010dovaly ve v\u00fdrob\u011b a distribuci.<\/p>\n<p>Pomohly a\u017e hrozby kr\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ctihodn\u00e9 sestry Theofanii vydaly a ta byla n\u00e1sledn\u011b up\u00e1lena.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Za vl\u00e1dy Ludv\u00edka XIV. se arzeniku p\u0159ezd\u00edvalo d\u011bdick\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek (<em>poudre de sucession)<\/em>. Ne \u017ee by se d\u011bdil, ale byl neodlu\u010ditelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed d\u011bdick\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee toto \u0159emeslo je natolik popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, \u017ee i v&nbsp;\u00e9\u0159e modern\u00edch zbran\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 stoupence, vykonavatele a ob\u011bti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jen tis a rul\u00edk byly odsunuty do botanick\u00fdch zahrad a nastoupily \u010dist\u011b syntetick\u00e9 nebo radioaktivn\u00ed jedy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>K tomu lze p\u0159idat nes\u010d\u00edsln\u00fd po\u010det mal\u00fdch velk\u00fdch katastrof, kter\u00e9 vznikly p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm aditiv s nezn\u00e1m\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky v potravin\u00e1ch, v&nbsp;kosmetice a zaveden\u00edm nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/text_img\/8248YzV.jpg\" alt=\"8248YzV.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Travi\u010dstv\u00ed jako \u0159emeslo a toxikologie coby v\u011bda maj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed historii a jsou \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm pestr\u00fdm sv\u011btem p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1mec mnoha obor\u016f lidsk\u00e9ho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b magie, kriminalistiky a politiky.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Po tomto mal\u00e9m ok\u00e9nku do sv\u011bta nejstar\u0161\u00edho \u0159emesla zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jedin\u00e9: pop\u0159\u00e1t do nov\u00e9ho roku, abyste se nenechali letos otr\u00e1vit ni\u010d\u00edm a nik\u00fdm<\/strong>&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Wink\" src=\"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/admin\/js\/tiny_mce\/plugins\/emotions\/img\/smiley-wink.gif\" alt=\"Wink\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>ToraToraTora <\/em><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>[sexy_author_bio]<\/p>\n<hr>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Views: 97 Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u0159emeslo, v\u011bt\u0161ina z&nbsp;n\u00e1s si p\u0159edstav\u00ed soudru\u017eky na E55. Stejn\u011b star\u00e9, ne-li star\u0161\u00ed, je p\u0159itom travi\u010dstv\u00ed. Ano, i to b\u00fdvalo \u0159emeslo.&nbsp;Tohle ale nem\u00e1 zlat\u00e9 dno, ale sp\u00ed\u0161 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9, olovnat\u00e9 nebo antimonov\u00e9.&nbsp; &nbsp; I kdy\u017e na prvopo\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch byly tak\u00e9 bylinky jako nap\u0159. bolehlav, om\u011bj a m\u00e1k.&nbsp; Lid\u00e9 jedy vyu\u017e\u00edvali k&nbsp;lovu a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":3381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u0159emeslo, v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s si p\u0159edstav\u00ed soudru\u017eky na E55. Stejn\u011b star\u00e9, ne-li star\u0161\u00ed, je p\u0159itom travi\u010dstv\u00ed. Ano, i to b\u00fdvalo \u0159emeslo. Tohle ale nem\u00e1 zlat\u00e9 dno, ale sp\u00ed\u0161 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9, olovnat\u00e9 nebo antimonov\u00e9. I kdy\u017e na prvopo\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch byly tak\u00e9 bylinky jako nap\u0159. bolehlav, om\u011bj a m\u00e1k. Lid\u00e9 jedy vyu\u017e\u00edvali k lovu a boji. 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Stejn\u011b star\u00e9, ne-li star\u0161\u00ed, je p\u0159itom travi\u010dstv\u00ed. Ano, i to b\u00fdvalo \u0159emeslo. Tohle ale nem\u00e1 zlat\u00e9 dno, ale sp\u00ed\u0161 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9, olovnat\u00e9 nebo antimonov\u00e9. I kdy\u017e na prvopo\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch byly tak\u00e9 bylinky jako nap\u0159. bolehlav, om\u011bj a m\u00e1k. Lid\u00e9 jedy vyu\u017e\u00edvali k lovu a boji. 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