{"id":14636,"date":"2021-09-22T21:50:09","date_gmt":"2021-09-22T19:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/?p=14636"},"modified":"2023-02-14T20:26:31","modified_gmt":"2023-02-14T19:26:31","slug":"co-se-v-detektivce-nedozvite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/popelky.cz\/verze7-0\/spolecnost\/co-se-v-detektivce-nedozvite.html","title":{"rendered":"Co se v detektivce nedozv\u00edte"},"content":{"rendered":"

Views: 142<\/p>

Slovo pitva v n\u00e1s nevzbuzuje p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pocity, a dokonce \u010dasto ani u student\u016f prvn\u00edch semestr\u016f l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch fakult. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jen v televizn\u00edch detektivk\u00e1ch n\u00e1m moc nevad\u00ed. Ov\u0161em znalost lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla d\u00edky pitv\u011b p\u0159inesla mnoho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch poznatk\u016f, a to u\u017e na\u0161im p\u0159edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tky soudn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch sahaj\u00ed do 16. stolet\u00ed, kdy se objevily zpr\u00e1vy o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti ranhoji\u010d\u016f, l\u00e9\u010ditel\u016f a chirurg\u016f u podez\u0159el\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed nebo u podez\u0159en\u00ed na otravu. Prvn\u00ed pitvu, dokonce ve\u0159ejnou, u n\u00e1s provedl anatom Jan Jesenius, a to u\u017e roku 1600. Pra\u017esk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 fakulta za\u010dala pod\u00e1vat odborn\u00e9 posudky ji\u017e v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 17. stolet\u00ed. Z t\u00e9 doby se dochovaly informace o exhumaci t\u011bla, aby se zjistilo, zda na t\u011ble byly bodn\u00e9 r\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Zdravotn\u00ed a soudn\u00ed pitvy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din smrti je krom\u011b v\u00fduky a v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce hlavn\u00ed \u010dinnost \u00dastavu soudn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a toxikologie 1. l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy a V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 fakultn\u00ed nemocnice v Praze. Prov\u00e1d\u00ed se tu dva druhy pitev \u2013 zdravotn\u00ed a soudn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pitvy zdravotn\u00ed jsou na\u0159\u00edzeny l\u00e9ka\u0159em v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk zem\u0159el mimo zdravotnick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. C\u00edlem je ur\u010dit p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu smrti. P\u0159i podez\u0159en\u00ed na intoxikaci zem\u0159el\u00e9 osoby se prov\u00e1d\u00ed tak\u00e9 toxikologick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pitvy soudn\u00ed na\u0159izuj\u00ed org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a v\u00fdsledkem mus\u00ed b\u00fdt znaleck\u00fd posudek. Prim\u00e1\u0159ka \u00dastavu soudn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a toxikologie 1. LF UK a VFN MUDr. Kl\u00e1ra Neureutterov\u00e1 vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee pitva m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i sv\u00e9ho druhu preventivn\u00ed efekt:<\/p>\n

\u201eKdy\u017e l\u00e9ka\u0159i b\u011bhem pitvy zjist\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad tuberkul\u00f3zu \u010di v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b infekci covidu-19, maj\u00ed povinnost to nahl\u00e1sit na hygienickou stanici, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ijmout dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00dastavu je i toxikologick\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b s nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdm provozem, kter\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159uje podez\u0159en\u00ed na otravy a prov\u00e1d\u00ed i rozbory krve \u0159idi\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed po\u017eili p\u0159ed j\u00edzdou alkohol nebo jin\u00e9 omamn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdst\u0159i\u017eek<\/p>\n

Kter\u00e9 zlo\u010diny tu objas\u0148ovali<\/strong><\/p>\n

Soudn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed zasahuje do mnoha odv\u011btv\u00ed medic\u00edny. \u00dastav se v minulosti pod\u00edlel na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha nechvaln\u011b proslul\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f, jako t\u0159eba v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tzv. spartaki\u00e1dn\u00edho vraha Ji\u0159\u00edho Straky nebo neobjasn\u011bn\u00e9ho \u00famrt\u00ed Jana Masaryka. Pitva hr\u00e1la rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli i v p\u0159\u00edpadu vra\u017edy z tramvaje \u010d\u00edslo 17 v roce 2014. V prvn\u00ed chv\u00edli se p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b o vra\u017ed\u011b neuva\u017eovalo. A\u017e d\u00edky pitv\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159i objevili drobn\u00fd vst\u0159el v z\u00e1tylku. Policist\u00e9 pak mohli spustit vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, ov\u0161em pachatel se s\u00e1m za dva roky p\u0159ihl\u00e1sil. \u0160okuj\u00edc\u00ed krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, ve kter\u00fdch figuruj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad s\u00e9riov\u00ed vrazi, jsou v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b velice raritn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u0158e\u0161\u00edme sp\u00ed\u0161e sebevra\u017edy, ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 n\u00e1hody a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i sporn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je pro n\u00e1s nutn\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce s org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00fdmi v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doktorka Neureutterov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Co mus\u00ed um\u011bt soudn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159<\/strong><\/p>\n

Soudn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 se mus\u00ed vyznat v hned n\u011bkolika medic\u00ednsk\u00fdch oborech, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v patologii nebo histologii; pr\u00e1v\u011b vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch zm\u011bn m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad uk\u00e1zat, zda ke zran\u011bn\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00e9ho do\u0161lo za\u017eiva, nebo a\u017e po smrti. L\u00e9ka\u0159 mus\u00ed ovl\u00e1dat tak\u00e9 chirurgii a traumatologii, kter\u00e1 je nezbytn\u00e1 pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed mechanismu vzniku poran\u011bn\u00ed a zp\u016fsobu l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed. Rozum\u011bt mus\u00ed i intern\u00ed medic\u00edn\u011b a toxikologii a v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se neobejde bez znalost\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiky a pokro\u010dil\u00fdch zobrazovac\u00edch metod.<\/p>\n

Soudn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed se st\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed a v\u011bdci v Hlavov\u011b \u00fastavu, kter\u00fd letos slav\u00ed sto let, ji\u017e mnohokr\u00e1t v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli k rozvoji sv\u00e9ho oboru.<\/p>\n

\"pitva2\"<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti se odborn\u00edci pomoc\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u011b genetick\u00fdch metod pod\u00edlej\u00ed na studiu n\u00e1hl\u00e9 srde\u010dn\u00ed smrti u mlad\u00fdch osob, zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 mo\u017enostmi identifikace osob stomatologick\u00fdmi metodami a rozv\u00edjej\u00ed se tu i metody forenzn\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie.<\/p>\n

V oblasti toxikologie v\u011bdci zkoumaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 n\u00e1vykov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a vyv\u00edjej\u00ed metody pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro diagnostiku intoxikac\u00ed a nadu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jana Ul\u00edkov\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n

[sexy_author_bio]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Views: 142Slovo pitva v n\u00e1s nevzbuzuje p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pocity, a dokonce \u010dasto ani u student\u016f prvn\u00edch semestr\u016f l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch fakult. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jen v televizn\u00edch detektivk\u00e1ch n\u00e1m moc nevad\u00ed. Ov\u0161em znalost lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla d\u00edky pitv\u011b p\u0159inesla mnoho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch poznatk\u016f, a to u\u017e na\u0161im p\u0159edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":525,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t